Figure 1: Schematic of Indonesian Throughflow pathways (Gordon, 2001).

The solid arrows represent North Pacific thermocline water; the dashed arrows represent South Pacific lower thermocline water. Transports in Sv (10⁶m³s^-1) are given in red. The 10.5 Sv in italics is the sum of the flows through the Lesser Sunda passages. ME is the Mindanao Eddy; HE is the Halmahera Eddy. Superscript refers to reference source: 1: Makassar Strait transport in 1997 (Gordon et al., 1999); 2: Lombok Strait (Murray and Arief, 1988; Murray et al., 1989) from January 1985 to January 1986; 3: Timor Passage (between Timor and Australia) measured in March 1992 to April 1993 (Molcard et al., 1996); 4: Timor Passage, October 1987 and March 1988 (Cresswell et al., 1993); 5: Ombai Strait (north of Timor, between Timor and Alor Island) from December 1995 to December 1996 (Molcard et al., 2001); 6: between Java and Australia from 1983 to 1989 XBT data (Meyers et al., 1995; Meyers, 1996); 7: Upper 470 m of the South Equatorial Current in the eastern Indian Ocean in October 1987 (Quadfasel et al., 1996); 8: Average ITF within the South Equatorial Current defined by 5 WOCE WHP sections (Gordon et al., 1997). The hollow arrow represents overflow of dense Pacific water across the Lifamatola Passage into the deep Banda Sea, which may amount to about 1 Sv (van Aken et al., 1988). The 100, 500, and 1000 m isobaths are shown in the inserts.

Inserts A-D show positions of INSTANT moorings. Insert A: 2 Makassar Strait Inflow moorings (U.S., red diamond) within Labani Channel. Insert C: Netherlands mooring within the main channel of Lifamatola Passage (yellow triangle). Insert B, D: Sunda moorings in Ombai Strait, Lombok Strait, and Timor Passage (U.S., red diamonds; France, purple square; Australia, green circles). The positions of the shallow pressure gauge array (U.S., green X).

An important contributing mooring is shown by the open red circle (exterior to Indonesian waters) in the Mindanao Current (ME) represents an ADCP mooring deployed since September 2000, as part of JAMSTEC's Tropical Ocean Climate Study (TOCS) program.